Handling occupancy modes

cornutt

Active Member
What do you have set up for occupancy modes, and how do you inform your system of your occupancy? Our normal schedule for my wife and I is that we both work during the day, and we're home more or less all day on weekends. In my previous incarnations of automation, I had things like setback thermostats running on a fixed schedule, and individual lamp timers and such. This was pretty good back in 1992. However, now that I'm moving seriously into HA with a real controller, I expect a more intelligent system.

Our occupancy is subject to the following variations:

1. I sometimes work from home. On these days, I want the main floor thermostat to not be set back in the morning. But the basement rec room can be set back since I shouldn't be messing around down there when I'm supposed to be working. :( The top floor can also be set back. Certain lights I won't want messed with while I'm at home, but certain other lights can be automated.

2. We are sometimes at home for holidays or days off. On these days, we want all thermostat setbacks cancelled during the day. However, we don't want the master bath heat turned on early in the morning, since we won't be waking up early.

3. We may be away from the house for a day or more. On these days, we want the thermostats to remain set back until some point shortly before our expected return. We also want lights and things automated to make the house look occupied.

4. We may have a guest staying upstairs. On these days, we want the system to maintain thermostat settings upstairs for the comfort of the guest. Also, if we do an "all lights off", we want it to leave the upstairs lights alone, so the guest isn't unexpectedly cast into the dark.

It seems that most people use their security system occupancy mode to inform their system of their status. I see several problems with this. For occupancy during the day, we are unlikely to ever use day mode; we are constantly going in and out when we're home, and it would be a pain to have to disarm the system ever time we want to step outside. And it seems silly to define a day mode with no zones armed, just to tell the system we're home. Another consideration is that for thermostat setbacks, our house is heated with heat pumps, and these usually need some lead time to get the house warm (without using the second stage heat excessively). If the system doesn't start until someone gets home and disarms the alarm, they're going to be in a cold house for the next hour or so.

What I'm experimenting with is using some flags inside the controller. I have four defined -- "at home during work hours", "house is unoccupied", "guest upstairs", and "sleeping in". Various light and t-stat rules check the status of these flags to decide what to do; if the flag has any nonzero value, then the condition it names is in effect. I have a rule that runs at noon each day that decrements each of these flags, so I can set a flag to the number of days it is to remain in effect. I can set the values of these flags from the computer, at the keypad, or if I'm away, over the phone. We'll see how this works out.
 
I'd also suggest using simple, active RFID. The simplest to implement (and get your hands on is available from Cliste Elctronics).
 
I don't think there's any perfect system for accomplishing every concern you have, but here's what I've found:

- If you have dogs over 50 pounds or so, forget using motion as the basis for occupancy, even if you use "pet immune" motion sensors. At 55 pounds my boxer pup was setting off sensors designed for 70, then 90 pound thresholds (don't remember manufacturer / model but tried more than one). And when you have two dogs, it's worse. And as the dog grows, so do the problems. You'll go weeks with no problem, think you have it fixed, and then you'll get an alarm company call while at dinner or a party, and have to trek back to the house to meet your friendly local police, who won't mind the first time. After that, they start to lose their sense of humor about the situation, and rightly so.

- If you don't have dogs (never had a problem with our cat, btw) then pet immune motion sensors work very well for determining occupancy for heat setbacks, etc., but not for lighting. Heat setback routines just need to know if you're there at certain times / day and you're likely to move around enough for that. For lighting, etc., you'll have much shorter time periods before you want a light to be turned off, and just sitting around working or watching tv won't create enough motion. There are ways to correct for this in very specific locations (at your desk, for example) but trying to do it for the whole house is very difficult.

- Don't worry about the heat coming on early on the days when you're home from work unexpectedly (taking a day off, etc.). You won't save enough for it to matter, and I could never remember to hit certain keys on the keypad, etc., to trigger it for the next day. And just manually override your settings for the day once you get up. MUCH easier than trying to remember and predict, and the house won't get that hot or cold before you override your settings.

- Don't even think about using wireless (x10 type) motion sensors for occupancy if you have any animal that moves around the house. Almost anything sets them off. They do work great under desks and such, though, for picking up motion that will keep a light turned on. Amazing how much a person shuffles around at a desk...

- For your heating delay problem (house cold for an hour or so after heat comes on) the only thing I've found that works is to 1) predict when you're likely to be home, and have the heat come on early (works great for normal work schedules) 2) have a reliable way to access the thermostat via internet or phone (I have mine set to work via my Elk or Homeseer, and there are iPhone interfaces now for both) but you must remember to log in and turn up the heat before you leave work or wherever early or 3) Buy a good sweater or fleece to wear for that hour or so, or plan on being a bit warm if in summer. Sorry, but I can't think of much else for that part of the problem.

- RFID or other "signaling" that tells the system when a particular person is home work great IF that person always has their "locator" on them. For us, the problem has been that we don't always take the same "stuff" with us when we leave. If we're each driving our own car (going to work, etc.) then an ID tag on a keychain is great - until you decide to ride to the airport with someone else, or until you go out together (my wife never takes her keys with her then). It's also a problem if you bike, run, or rollerblade and don't want to carry your keys / ID fob. Phones with bluetooth work great for me personally because my iPhone is like an extra hand for me - always there. For my wife, she often forgets hers when going out to dinner if we're together. If you have kids, they WILL lose their phone (more than once, I've found), which creates a security problem until you can reprogram the system.

Bottom line: There is no perfect solution. Heating / Cooling is the easiest to control because if you mess something up it's just a minor inconvenience in most cases. Lighting is the most annoying, because lighting is needed in so many different situations. Outdoor / path lighting is easy, but trying to get it right for reading and watching movies, etc., in all situations will drive you mad if you want perfection. Security is the one that really matters, and the best advise I can give you is to get in the habit of arming the house when you leave and at night (my wife also arms it if home alone, in many cases) and to have the ability to arm it remotely if you forget. Disarming remotely is helpful for service people, etc., but have a password on your phone at the very least.

You'll get many other, very valid opinions on this topic, but this is my experience after trying to get this right for about 5 years now.
 
What do you have set up for occupancy modes, and how do you inform your system of your occupancy?

I had read a post (one of many) by Dan [electron] that got me thinking. I decided to monitor cars. Although we do sometimes go for walks or a bicycle ride.. nether are ever long term.

I am using a simple Key Holder at this time to monitor my movements. Although I plan to add BlueTooth monitoring of my (our) cell phone(s)... someday. The great part about using the cell phones would be using them to unlock entry doors.

I am using an IR reflective light projector to monitor my wifes car in the garage. The unit I am using is an old used one that is only on when the garage door is open. It would be pretty hard to sneak a car in or out of the garage without opening the garage door. So closing the garage door ends the reporting period.

I've posted/published my work with Occupancy Sensing at my hobby Web Site (nothing for sale there).

Entering into Occupancy Sensing has completely changed the way I look at automation... as well as my HA setup. I have a list of things I know I can accomplish with OS... and one-by-one.. I am checking them off.
 
You can get very elaborate with occupancy sensing.

Today I keep it simple but do use cheap RF ID tags in the cars which kind of work, hardwired sensors etc. Its really how passive (automated) or active (automated) you want it to be.

You can get elaborate drawing up a web page and create movable icons telling you where there's motion in the house, lights on, HVAC...or you can use a VR acknowledgement setup where the house recognized that you just drove up to your home and your alarm just shut off and have some TTS ask you if you want to run any specific events and you can say no or yes....personally I don't use VR but do use TTS.

For my thermostat today I just keep it on a schedule and wear warm clothes when its cool in the home.

I played with using IR sensors to trigger lights on in rooms which were occupied...but noticed that sometimes you really don't want those lights coming on automatically...and on the other hand using sensors outside I do want lights to go on based on motion at 3 AM in the morning...
 
It seems that most people use their security system occupancy mode to inform their system of their status. I see several problems with this. For occupancy during the day, we are unlikely to ever use day mode; we are constantly going in and out when we're home, and it would be a pain to have to disarm the system ever time we want to step outside.


You shouldn't have to use a day mode the system already should know when you are not home because it should be armed away.
This coupled with RFID might help out the problem of upstairs vs downstairs but doesn't always solve all situations... (I dont always carry my keys or wallet with me inside my house) and what are yo going to do give a guest a key fob just to say s/he is there.

I read on post don't remember who's or where but it used a table top keypad in the guests room to set a guest flag, and this was also their on/off light switch for the room. Maybe this would solve that problem, but what about those mornings when you want the heat on and they don't need the lights on?
 
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