Thought you would get a kick out of this from the mcsSprinklers Help:
The general watering requirement can be algorithmically described as
V = ( Eto x Kc x Kd x Ks x Fr - Pr )
Where Eto = Evapotranspiration
Kc = Foliage characteristic
Kd = Distribution efficiency
Ks = Soil porosity
Fr = Flow rate
Pr = Precipitation rate
V = Volume of water required
It is generally the intention to encourage the foliage roots to penetrate lower into the soil so they will have a strong footing and be less sensitive to surface variation in moisture. This means that the objective of the irrigation controller is to deliver moisture to a desired soil depth. This depth is achieved with traditional installations by saturating the surface with a sufficient volume of water that it will soak down to the desired level. This implies that water delivery will be in bursts rather than a continuous misting.
Kc Foliage characteristic, Ke Distribution efficiency, Ks Soil porosity, and Fr Flow rate are factors for which information is not readily available on an installation-by-installation basis. What is available, however, is an approximation based upon experience, of how long a specific zone should be watered to saturate the soil to the desired depth. This means the installer simply is required to provide the zone watering duration and the controller can determine when to activate a watering cycle based upon the following formula:
1
I = _____________
( Eto x Ke - Pr )
Where Eto = Evapotranspiration
Ke = Efficiency of moisture retention
Pr = Precipitation rate
I = Days per watering cycle
The Eto Evapotranspiration and Pr Precipitation rate can be determined from weather data from a nearby weather reporting station and this data is available in real-time over the Internet. Ke Efficiency of moisture retention is available as a tweaking factor should some adjustments be necessary for off-nominal conditions.